Lectia nr.3: Pronumele personal
The Personal Pronoum
Pronumele este partea de vorbire care tine locul unui substantiv.
Pronumele personal este acel pronume care desemneaza anumite persoane si in limba engleza are urmatoarele forme:
Persoana |
Nominativ |
Dativ |
Acuzativ |
I |
I |
(to) me |
me |
II |
You |
(to) you |
you |
III – m |
He |
(to) him |
him |
III – f |
She |
(to) her |
her |
III – n |
It |
(to) it |
it |
I |
We |
(to) us |
us |
II |
You |
(to) you |
you |
III |
They |
(to) them |
them |
Pronumele personal la persoana I sg. (I) se scrie intotdeauna cu litera mare oricare ar fi locul lui in propozitie.
Folosiri:
- Pronumele personal are functia de subiect sau nume predicativ in Nominativ.
- He knows the rules. – subiect
- Who is it ? It is I! – nume predicativ
- Pronumele in cazul Acuzativ este folosit cu functia sintactica de complement direct sau complement indirect.
- I see him. – complement direct
- I work for him. – complement indirect
- I don’t want to talk to her. – complement indirect
- Pronumele personal in Dativ are functia sintactica de complement indirect.
- I give a book to him. – complement indirect
- I give him a book. – complement indirect (trece in fata CD dar dispare prepozitia).
- Pronumele personal it se foloseste:
- Pentru a inlocui substantive ce denumesc lucruri, animale:
The book is interesting. It is on the table.
- in expresii care denumesc timpul, vremea, distanta, temperatura:
It is five o’clock. - timpul
How far is Bucarest ? It is 180 Km. – distanta
It is cold. – temperaturi
It snows. - vreme
- Pronume si adjective demonstrative
Forma |
Singular |
Plural |
de apropiere |
this |
these |
de departare |
that |
those |
Adjectivele demonstrative sunt singurele care se acorda in numar cu substantivul.
- Adjective si pronume cantitative:
- some; any; no (folosite ca adjective);
- none (folosit doar ca pronume);
- much (folosit pentru a exprima cantitatea);
- many (folosit pentru a exprima numarul).
Observatii:
- Some – se foloseste in propozitii cu verbul la afirmativ.
I have some books.
- Any – se foloseste in propozitii cu verbul la negativ sau interogativ.
Have you any books ?
I haven’t any books.
- No – se foloseste in propozitii cu verbul la afirmativ, acest adjectiv avand sens negativ
In limba engleza intr-o propozitie nu pot exista doua negatii.
I have no books.
- Adjective si pronume posesive
Forma |
Adjective |
Pronume |
I |
my |
mine |
II |
your |
yours |
III – m |
his |
his |
III – f |
her |
hers |
III – n |
its |
its |
I |
our |
ours |
II |
your |
yours |
III |
their |
theirs |
Observatii:
- Pronumele posesive sunt folosite pentru a inlocui adjective posesive si substantivele lor:
This is my pencil. It is mine.
- in limba engleza adjectivele posesive se acorda in numar si gen cu posesorul:
A boy loves his mother.
A girl loves her father.
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