Gramatica: Adjectivul
Pagini: Adjectivul part.1 || Adjectivul part.2 || Adjectivul part.3 ||
Gradele de comparatie
1.pozitiv = adjectivul nu se schimba
2.comparativ
- de inferioritate (2.1.)
- de egalitate (2.2.)
- de superioritate (2.3.)
3)superlativ
- relativ (3.1.)
- absolut (3.2.)
2.1. Comparativ de inferioritate
- pt adj scurte (mono si bisilabice) se formeaza din:
not so/not as + adj + as
Ex:This room is not so big as the bedroom.
sau
This room is not as big as the bedroom.
- pt adj lungi se formeaza:
less + adj + than
Ex:The chair is less comfortable than the bed.
2.2. Comparativ de egalitate
Atat pt adj scurte cat si pt lungi:
as + adj + as
Ex: The bed is as good as the chair.
Ideea de egalitate mai poate fi sugerata si prin constructia:
the same + subst + as
! as si nu like !!!
Ex: This room is the same size as the other one.
Schimbare de valoare gramaticala
Adjectiv---------------------------------------Substantiv
big, small---------------------------------------size (masura)
long, short---------------------------------------length (lungime)
broad, narrow---------------------------------------breadth (largime pt ceva concret)
wide, narrow---------------------------------------idth (largime pt ceva abstract)
high, low---------------------------------------height (inaltime)
deep, shallow---------------------------------------depth (adancime)
heavy, light---------------------------------------weight (greutate)
strong, weak---------------------------------------strength (putere)……..etc.
Constructii cu comparativul de egalitate:
as brave as a lion
as blind as a bat
as black as coal
as busy as a bee
as cool as a cucumber
as clear as daylight
as dry as a bone
as easy as ABC
as fresh as a daisy
as hairy as a gorilla
as mad as a hatter (palarier)
as poor as a church-mouse
as silent as a grave
as wise as Solomon
as soft as silk
as smooth as grass
as gentle as a lamb....etc.
2.3. Comparativul de superioritate
- pt adj scurte
adj + er + than
Modificari ortografice:
- daca adj se termina in "e", se adauga doar “r”
Ex: nice - nicer
- daca adj se termina in “y” precedat de consoana, se transforma “y” in “ier”
Ex: pretty - prettier
Exceptii:shy - shyer
sly - slyer
wry - wryer (stramb)
3) daca adj se termina in consoana precedata de vocala, dublez consoana finala
Ex: big - bigger
- pt adj lungi
more + adj + than
Ex: The book is more interesting than the movie.
Adj provenite din latina sunt urmate de “to” si nu de “than”
Ex: He is superior to me.
3.1. Superlativul relativ
the + adj +est
Ex: large - the largest
silly - the silliest
Modificarile ortografice sunt la fel.
Pentru adj lungi:
the most+ adj
Ex: This is the most expensive thing.
! dupa superlativ urmeaza prepozitiile “of” sau “in”
Ex: He is the best of all/the best in my group.
! daca se face comparatie intre 2 elemente, comparativul implica superlativul:
the + comparativ
Ex: Between you and me, I am the older.
3.2. Superlativul absolut
very + adj
very poate fi inlocuit cu:extremely
exceptionally
tremendously
awfully
! nu toate adj au grad de comparatie, unele definesc ideea de unitate (own, complete, proper, perfect, marvelous, maximum, minimum).
Altele au sufixe si prefixe:
extra - large
over - crowded
super - fine
ultra - short
priceless
Comparatia neregulata
good - better - the best
bad - worse - the worst
ill - worse - the worst
many - more - the most
much - more - the most
little - less - the least
near - nearer - the nearest (cel mai apropiat); next (urmatorul)
far - farther - the farthest (in spatiu)
far - further - the furthest (in timp)
late - later - the latest; the last (ultimul); the latter (ult din 2)
Dintre 2, primul este “the former”, nu “the first”.
up - upper - the upmost
in - inner - the inmost
out - outer - the outmost
fore - former - the foremost
old - older - the oldest
old - elder - the eldest (doar atributiv, pt membrii aceleiasi familii)
Ex: My elder brother is older than me. (fratele meu mai mare)
Pagini: Adjectivul part.1 || Adjectivul part.2 || Adjectivul part.3 || |
